課程名稱：個體經濟學
開課教師：鄭鴻章
開課學院：商學院
開課系級：國貿系
考試日期(年月日)：101.11.22
考試時限(Mins)：110 min
試題本文：
一. The rent control agency of an Asian city has found that aggregate
demand is QD= 160-8P. Quantity is measured in tens of thousands of apartments.
Price, the average monthly rental rate, is measured in hundreds of dollars.
The agency also noted that the increase in Q at lower P results from more
three-person families coming into the city from Long Island and demanding
apartments. The city’s board of realtors acknowledges that this is a good
demand estimate and has shown that supply is QS =70+ 7P.
a. If both the agency and the board are right about demand and supply, what
is the free-market price? What is the change in city population if the agency
sets a maximum average monthly rent of $300 and all those who cannot find an
apartment leave the city?
b. Suppose the agency bows to the wishes of the board and sets a rental of
$900 per month on all apartments to allow landlords a “fair” rate of
return. If 50% of any long-run increases in apartment offerings come from new
construction, how many apartments are constructed?
二. 台灣是一個汽車引擎進口的國家，假設世界汽車引擎市場為完全競爭市場，
請依據下列圖形回答相關問題:
台灣汽車引擎市場價格(pw+t)由於課稅(t)而高於世界價格(pw) 則試問:
1.假若t視為進口關稅(每台引擎所繳的稅);則進口量為何?
2.若t是營業稅(由消費者負擔)則進口量為何?
3.何種稅制消費者的剩餘損失較小?
4.何種稅制，生產者剩餘增加較多?
三.設某農產品市場的供需如下:
Pt=20+2qs(t+1) supply function
Pt=80-qd(t) demand function
則 1.第五期的價格為何?(設Po=100)
2.此市場是否為穩定市場?
3.若時間(t)趨近於無限大，則市場價格為何?
四. a.請詳細推導出Marshallian Demand Curve並解釋其經濟意義
b.請詳細推導出需求之價格彈性與總銷售收入之關係
c.請證明需求函數qd(t)=k/p^α,k>0;曲線上任何一點之需求價格彈性值均為α