1.媒體來源:
外媒
2.記者署名:
By Laura Geggel - Associate Editor a day ago
3.完整新聞標題:
Ancient Egyptian temple reveals previously unknown star constellations
4.完整新聞內文:
Ancient Egyptian temple reveals previously unknown star constellations
古埃及神廟揭示了以前未知的星座
由 勞拉Geggel -副主編 一天前
By Laura Geggel - Associate Editor a day ago
One constellation is called "Apedu n Ra," or "The Geese of Ra."
無名的聖座可能是屬於太陽神拉
https://imgur.com/cCjef3W
Here is the ancient Egyptian depiction of the Big Dipper, seen here in the
shape of a bull's leg. It includes seven stars and is tied to a stake by a
goddess in hippo form (right). The Big Dipper is considered the manifestation
of the evil god Seth, who murdered his brother Osiris. The goddess prevents
Seth from reaching Osiris in the underworld — a myth made possible because
the constellation never dips below the horizon.
(Image:Ahmed Amin)
標準的古埃及北斗七星壁畫，內容是在女神的幫助下，栓牢的北斗七星絕不會墜落於
地平線之下。
The restoration of a soot-filled ancient Egyptian temple has revealed the
previously unknown names of ancient Egyptian constellations, according to
experts in Germany and Egypt.
The restoration has also uncovered the gorgeous original colors the ancient
Egyptians painted the 2,000-year-old temple.
據德國和埃及的專家稱，對一個充滿煤灰的古埃及神廟的修復工程中發現了未知星座。
修復工作還發現了古埃及人為這座具有2000年歷史的寺廟藝術
As workers in Egypt remove soot and dirt from the temple, sometimes with a
mixture of alcohol and distilled water, the original painted carvings and
hieroglyphics beneath are so vibrant, "it looks like it was painted
yesterday," project leader Christian Leitz, a professor of Egyptology at the
University of Tübingen in Germany, told Live Science. "But we are not
repainting anything, we are just removing the soot."
隨著埃及工人從廟宇中清除煙灰和污垢，有時用酒精和蒸餾水的混合物清除，下面的原始
彩繪雕刻和象形文字非常生動，“項目負責人克里斯蒂安·萊茨（Christian Leitz）教
授德國蒂賓根大學埃及學教授告訴Live Science。“但是我們沒有重新粉刷任何東西，我
們只是在去除煙灰。”
During the restoration, researchers cleaned ancient carved scenes depicting
the constellations, including the Big Dipper (known as Mesekhtiu) and Orion
(known as Sah). They also found inscriptions about previously unknown
constellations, including one called "Apedu n Ra," or "the geese of Ra," who
is the ancient Egyptian sun deity, Leitz said.
在修復過程中，研究人員清理了描繪星座的古代雕刻場景，包括北斗七星（Mesekhtiu）
和獵戶座（Orion）（Sah）。萊茲說，他們還發現了有關以前未知的星座的銘文，包括一
個叫做"Apedu n Ra," 或"the geese of Ra,"，他是古埃及的太陽神。
However, without an image to accompany these descriptions, there's no way to
know which stars in the night sky they describe, he said.
由於周遭沒有發現註記的銘文，無法得知描述的具體星座。
https://imgur.com/pVtZwSI
Sanctuary to storage warehouse
The first modern description of the Greco-Roman temple, known as the Temple
of Esna, dates to 1589, when a Venetian trader visited Egypt and described
it, according to the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. The town of Esna, about
40 miles (60 kilometers) south of the ancient capital of Luxor, used to have
more temples, but two were quarried during the industrialization of Egypt,
while the largest one — the Temple of Esna — was used to store cotton
during the first half of the 19th century, Leitz said.
This sanctuary-turned-storage facility was likely valued for its location in
the city center. People began building houses and shacks directly against
some of its walls, and postcards from the 19th and 20th centuries show it
surrounded by rubble. Decades of neglect left the temple filthy, covered in
soot and bird droppings.
Today, only the vestibule is left. The large sandstone structure is supported
by 24 columns and also has 18 free-standing columns decorated with painted
carvings of plants. It stands about 120 feet long, 65 feet wide and 50 feet
high (37 by 20 by 15 meters). But it would have been dwarfed by the actual
temple, built under Roman Emperor Claudius (ruled A.D. 41-54). It's a mystery
what happened to this part of the temple; it was already gone by the time the
Venetian trader described it in the 16th century.
The temple's construction and decoration, which includes astronomical designs
on the ceiling, likely took 200 years, Leitz said.
https://imgur.com/BzhJqRS
This 2019 photo shows the temple of Esna from the east. (Image credit: Ahmed
Amin)
During the latest restoration, researchers discovered new inscriptions,
including those of the unknown constellations. Leitz noted that when the
ancient Egyptians decorated the temple, they would first draw a design in
black ink, then have an artisan carve the relief and then have a painter
paint the relief.
On the astronomical ceiling, many of the inscriptions were drawn in ink, but
not carved or painted.
"They were previously undetected under the soot and are now being exposed
piece by piece," Leitz said.
The project, which began in 2018, is a collaboration between the Institute
for Ancient Near Eastern Studies (IANES) at the University of Tübingen and
the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
Originally published on Live Science.
(以下機器翻譯無校正)
避難所到倉庫
根據UCLA埃及學百科全書，希臘羅馬神廟的第一個現代描述，即埃斯納神廟，可追溯到
1589年，當時一位威尼斯商人訪問埃及並對其進行了描述。埃斯納（Esna）鎮位於盧克索
古城以南約40英里（60公里），曾經有更多的寺廟，但在埃及工業化期間有兩座被採石，
而最大的一座-埃斯納神廟（Temple of Esna）被用來儲存萊茨說，在19世紀上半葉，棉
花成為棉花。
這種由庇護所轉變為倉庫的設施很可能因其在市中心的位置而受到重視。人們開始直接在
其某些牆壁上建造房屋和棚屋，19世紀和20世紀的明信片顯示它被瓦礫包圍。數十年的疏
忽使聖殿變得骯髒，佈滿了煤煙和鳥糞。
今天，只剩下前庭了。大型砂岩結構由24根柱子支撐，並有18根獨立柱，柱頭裝飾有植物
彩繪雕刻。它長約120英尺，寬65英尺，高50英尺（37 x 20 x 15米）。但是，它會被羅
馬皇帝克勞迪烏斯（Claudius）統治下建造的實際廟宇相形見拙（公元41-54年統治）。
寺廟的這部分發生了什麼是個謎。到16世紀威尼斯商人描述它時，它已經不復存在了。
萊茨說，這座寺廟的建築和裝飾，包括天花板上的天文設計，大概用了200年。
這張2019年的照片顯示了東方的埃斯納神廟。
這張2019年的照片顯示了東方的埃斯納神廟。 （圖片來源：艾哈邁德·阿明）
在最近的修復過程中，研究人員發現了新的銘文，包括那些未知星座的銘文。萊茨指出，
當古埃及人裝飾聖殿時，他們將首先用黑色墨水繪製圖案，然後由工匠雕刻浮雕，然後由
畫家對浮雕進行繪畫。
在天文天花板上，許多銘文是用墨水繪製的，但沒有雕刻或繪畫。
萊茲說：“它們以前在煙灰下未被發現，現在正在逐片暴露。”
該項目於2018年開始，是蒂賓根大學古代近東研究所（IANES）與埃及旅遊與古物部之間
的合作。
最初發表在《生命科學》上。
5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):
https://www.livescience.com/ancient-egyptian-star-constellations.html
6.備註:
https://imgur.com/pVtZwSI
如果在無名的法老王上方引導的是北斗七星，那下排的十四顆星是？
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-xsvyLnXR4