作者:
kwei (光影)
2019-09-03 12:55:01標題: Billions of pounds worth of weapons have been licensed by the UK to Saudi
Arabia since start of Yemen war
自葉門戰爭開始以來，英國已許可向沙特阿拉伯出售數十億英鎊的武器
新聞來源: Independent
https://tinyurl.com/y3bto73o
The UK has licensed the sale of ￡6.2bn worth of arms to the Saudi-led
coalition bombing Yemen, new statistics show.
(新的統計數據顯示，英國已經批准向沙特領導的聯盟出售價值62億英鎊的武器，該聯盟
對葉門進行轟炸。)
Fighter jets, bombs and missiles made in Britain are believed to have been
used in the war, sparking a court battle over the legality of sales.
(據信英國製造的戰鬥機，炸彈和導彈已經在戰爭中使用，這在法院中引發了對銷售合法
性的爭論。)
Research estimates that Saudi-led bombing has killed more than 8,000
civilians, while driving a deadly cholera outbreak and famine that the United
Nations has called the worst humanitarian crisis in the world.
(研究估計，沙特領導的爆炸事件造成8,000多名平民死亡，同時引發致命的霍亂疫情和飢
荒，聯合國稱之為世界上最嚴重的人道主義危機。)
Government figures show that export licences worth ￡6.2bn have been granted
to members of the Saudi-led coalition in the four years since the conflict
began in March 2015.
(政府數據顯示，自2015年3月衝突開始以來的四年裡，沙特領導的聯盟成員已獲得價值62
億英鎊的武器出口許可證。)
The figure includes ￡5.3bn to Saudi Arabia, ￡657m to United Arab Emirates,
￡85m to Egypt, ￡72m to Bahrain, ￡40m to Kuwait and ￡142m to Qatar before
it withdrew from the coalition in 2017.
(這一數字包括沙特阿拉伯53億英鎊，阿拉伯聯合酋長國6.57億英鎊，埃及8500萬英鎊，
巴林7200萬英鎊，科威特4000萬英鎊和卡塔爾1.42億英鎊。卡塔爾之後於2017年退出聯盟
。)
The Campaign Against the Arms Trade (Caat) group said the real total was “
likely to be a great deal higher” because many bombs and missiles used by
Saudi forces were approved through a separate licensing system that offers no
public breakdown.
(反對武器貿易運動（Caat）組織表示，實際總數“可能會高得多”，因為沙特部隊使用
的許多炸彈和導彈都是通過另一個單獨的許可證制度批准的，而該系統沒有任何公開細目
。)
Andrew Smith, of Caat, said: “Thousands of people have been killed in the
Saudi-led bombardment of Yemen, but that has done nothing to deter the arms
dealers.
(該組織的Andrew Smith說：“沙特領導的葉門轟炸造成數千人喪生，但這並沒有阻止軍
火商的行動。”)
“The bombing has created the worst humanitarian crisis in the world, and it
wouldn’t have been possible without the complicity and support of Downing
Street. These arms sales are immoral and illegal.”
(“轟炸造成了世界上最嚴重的人道主義危機，而沒有唐寧街的同謀和支持，這是不可能
發生的。這些武器銷售是不道德和非法的。“)
Saudi Arabia leads a coalition conducting airstrikes in support of president
Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi in Yemen, and the British government has supported the
intervention as a means of “fighting to restore Yemen’s legitimate
government”.
(沙特阿拉伯率領一個聯盟進行空襲，以支持葉門總統Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi。英國政
府支持此一干預，以此作為“努力恢復葉門合法政府”的手段。)
In June, Court of Appeal judges found that the UK’s decision to continue
selling arms to Saudi Arabia for use in the war was “irrational and
therefore unlawful”.
(6月，上訴法院法官認定，英國決定繼續向沙特阿拉伯出售用於戰爭的武器是“非理性的
，因此是非法的”。)
A ruling said it “made no concluded assessments of whether the Saudi-led
coalition had committed violations of international humanitarian law in the
past, during the Yemen conflict, and made no attempt to do so”.
(一項裁決稱，“在葉門衝突期間，沙特領導的聯盟過去是否曾違反國際人道法，英國政
府並沒有做評估，也沒有嘗試做評估”。)
Judges found that although the UK had “engaged closely” with Riyadh in an
attempt to minimise civilian casualties in Yemen, the efforts fell short of
the legal obligation to assess the risk of war crimes.
(法官們發現，雖然英國與利雅得“密切合作”，試圖盡量減少葉門的平民傷亡，但這些
努力沒有盡到到評估戰爭罪風險的法律義務。)
In the wake of the ruling, former international trade secretary Liam Fox said
the government would not grant any new export licences for weapons that may
be used in Yemen.
(在該裁決之後，前國際貿易部長Liam Fox表示，政府不會批准任何新的出口許可證給可
能用於葉門的武器。)
But while seeking to appeal, the government is attempting to stay the Court
of Appeal ruling and continue sales under pre-existing agreements.
(但在尋求上訴時，政府正試圖保留上訴法院的裁決，並繼續根據已有的協議進行銷售。)
Last month, it was revealed that the government had invited a Saudi
delegation to the controversial Defence and Security Equipment International
(DSEI) arms fair.
(上個月，據透露，政府已邀請沙特代表團參加有爭議的國防和國際安全設備（DSEI）軍
備展。)
Protests are expected to greet DSEI when it arrives at London’s Excel Centre
in September, with organisers boasting of its “unrivalled scale”.
(預計抗議者們將出現在9月倫敦Excel中心的DSEI展，組織者稱抗議活動將有“無與倫比
的規模”。)
The United Arab Emirates, which is part of the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen,
is listed as an “international partner” on DSEI’s official website.
(阿拉伯聯合酋長國是沙特領導的聯盟的一部分，在DSEI的官方網站上被列為“國際合作
夥伴”。)
It says the state-owned Saudi Arabian Military Industries firm will also be
among exhibitors.
(網站上說，國有的沙特阿拉伯軍事工業公司也將參展。)
Mr Smith called the invite “disgraceful”, adding: “This only goes to show
that no matter how dire the humanitarian crisis in Yemen has become, the
government will continue to prioritise arms sales over the rights and lives
of Yemeni people.”
(Smith先生稱這些邀請是“可恥的”，並補充說：“這只表明，無論葉門的人道主義危機
多麼可怕，政府將繼續進行軍售，而非優先考慮對葉門人民的權利和生活。”)
The government said it disagreed with the Court of Appeal’s judgment and has
submitted a challenge to the Supreme Court.
(政府表示不同意上訴法院的判決，並向最高法院提出質疑。)
A spokesperson said: “The UK operates one of the most robust export control
regimes in the world. Licensing decisions are based on the most up-to-date
information and analysis available at the time, including advice from those
with diplomatic and military expertise and reports from our overseas network
and NGOs.
(一位發言人說：“英國有世界上最嚴格的出口管制制度。許可的決定是基於當時最新的
信息和分析，包括具有外交和軍事專業知識的人員的建議以及我們海外網絡和非政府組織
的報告。)
“We welcome any further information NGOs can provide regarding compliance
with international humanitarian law.
(“我們歡迎非政府組織提供有關遵守國際人道法的任何進一步信息。)
“The government undertakes a stringent process of scrutiny and approval
before issuing any formal invitations to foreign governments to attend a
major UK defence exhibition like DSEI.”
(“在向外國政府發出任何正式邀請參加DSEI等英國主要國防展覽會之前，政府進行了嚴
格的審查和批准程序。”)
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