Re: [問卦] 光速怎麼算出來的阿?

作者: yw1002 (kenny)   2019-11-24 20:17:27
光可以看做某種流動
馬克斯威算是第一個從方程式來推導光速
將電與磁一階方程結合為二階波方程就類似於熱核估計
https://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.aspm/1543086330
2.1. What is the heat kernel?
There are many ways to introduce the heat kernel and each has its
own advantages. Let us mention three distinct viewpoints.
The first is to view the heat kernel as the fundamental solution of a
parabolic partial differential equation, the heat diffusion equation
對於熱核通常有三種觀點
第一它是拋物偏微分方程的基本解
A second possibility is to consider Ll (defined, say, on C~ ( M)) as
a symmetric operator on L2 (M, JJ) whose Friederichs extension generates a
strongly continuous one parameter contraction semigroup Ht
on L2 (M, JJ) (the heat diffusion semigroup). This semigroup admits a
transition function (a priori, this is a measure in the second variable)
p(t, x, dy) such that Htf(x) = JM f(y)p(t, x, dy). The heat kernel (if it
exists) is then obtained as the density of p(t, x, dy) with respect to the
underlying measure JJ(dy) = dy.
第二他是在L^2空間上的對稱算子
A third approach is to view p(t, x, dy) as the distribution at timet of
a stochastic process (Xt)t>O started at x (the Brownian motion driven
by Ll on M).
第三他是某隨機過程的分布(廣義函數)
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=219728&do=blog&id=348969
热核估计(heat kernel estimation),字面理解就是针对“热核”这个量做一些上下界的
“估计”。首先什么是热核?数学中很多领域都关心热核,粗略来讲,它就是一个以时间
和空间为自变量的函数,所以在一定物理背景之下,热核能表征一个沿着时间变化的量,
在不同区域的取值。这里我介绍两个引入热核的角度:1)偏微分方程:热核就是热方程
的基本解。换句话说,热核表征了不同时间,热(温度)在区域内的分布;2)概率论:
热核对应了某个随机过程(马氏过程)沿着时间变化的概率密度。所以,热核在偏微分方
程和概率论中都处于非常核心的地位。但是可惜的是,准确算出热核在绝大多数情况下是
不太可能的,因此关于热核的大部分工作都是期望给出热核比较精细的上下界估计。大家
熟悉的丘成桐教授早年也做过热核估计方面的工作。当然热核的概念现在变得更加广泛。
比如在图,甚至是随机图上,我们同样可以定义类似的热核,然后给予它相应的估计。

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