https://goo.gl/gqPA53
Portugal’s renewable electricity production exceeded monthly consumption for
what is likely the first time, in March, according to the nation’s
transmission system operator, REN.The average renewable generation for the
month exceeded 103% of consumption, beating out the last record (99.2%), set
in 2014.
葡萄牙的再生能源發電在三月時，根據該國的傳動系統REN顯示，第一次發的電超過了
該國用量。該月的平均再生能源為消耗量的103%，超越了原本在2014年的舊紀錄99.2%。
It almost certainly won’t be the last time. The country is predicting that
renewables will satisfy its mainland electricity needs by 2040, ultimately
eliminating the electricity sector’s greenhouse gas emissions. Although most
of last month’s electricity came from water and wind,
the country relied on some fossil fuel and imported electricity. Water- and
wind-generated power can be rather unpredictable, so even as total renewable
generation exceeded Portugal’s electricity consumption for the month (as
well as some exports), Portugal needed those sources to even out supply.
幾乎可以確定的是，這不會是最後一次。這國家預計在2040年時能夠以再生能源
完全滿足他們的用電需求，完全終結溫室氣體的排放。儘管上個月的電力幾乎都是來
自水力以及風力，他們還是依靠了一些化石燃料以及進口的電力。水跟風力發電的能量
相對地來說比較無法預測，因此就算再生能源在當月的發電量超過消耗量(以及一些電力
的出口)，葡萄牙仍然需要那些化石燃料以及進口電力等，以達到有備無患的效果。
An international debate is gathering steam about whether 100% renewable
energy is possible (or even advisable). Portugal’s feat, the result of
decades of investment in low-carbon technology, shows it is possible, but
plenty of caveats remain. The grid only ran on 100% renewables for relatively
short periods: two 70 hour spans (Portugal managed a four-day streak in
2016). But imports and conventional generation from natural gas were still
needed to balance the grid because solar and wind can vary significantly. The
proposition that a full year’s worth of peaks and valleys can be managed
with renewables alone has yet to be tested. During the same period last year,
renewables supplied only 6% of Portugal’s electricity (thanks in part to a
drought that reduced its hydro capacity).
百分之百的再生能源是否能達到，甚至是有益的？這個國際議題的爭論開始高漲。
葡萄牙花數十年研究的低碳科技展現的結果，讓大家知道這是有可能的。但還是有很多
值得注意的事情。電力只在短時間內完全用再生能源，多短？70小時，兩次。
(葡萄牙曾在2016年，用四天的時間完全使用再生能源)。而引進以及產出化石燃料的方
式仍然是被需要的，因為太陽能跟風力發電的成效差距很大。希望能夠在全年的尖峰
時段以及低用量階段，完全只靠再生能源的主張，可能還要等等。
而去年同一時段，葡萄牙只採用了6%的再生能源。(很大的原因是去年缺水，
使得沒得水力發電)
But a 100% goal is not fantasy, especially in Europe. Germany has committed
to an electricity supply that is at least 80% renewable, possibly as high as
100%, by mid-century. Denmark already produces around 100% of its own needs
at times from renewable sources, as does Norway and Iceland, thanks to
hydropower and geothermal heat. Sweden’s new Climate Act commits the country
to reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2045. But they still have a
long way to go.
但100%並不是個夢想，特別是在歐洲。德國表示他們的電力在2050年時，至少要80%的
電力是再生能源，當然能夠高到100%是更好。而丹麥已經100%依賴再生能源過了；挪威
跟冰島也是，這要歸功於他們的水電以及地熱發電。瑞典的新氣候行動承諾該國要在2045
年時完全0碳排放，但他們還有很長的路要走。
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備註：
1.我翻的
2.這網頁有放一張世界各地的再生能源產量，可以看看
https://i.imgur.com/v0I5v9P.jpg