雖然德文還沒學得很好，
不久前看到TED一段影片，
分享給一起學德文的各位
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0yGdNEWdn0
How to learn any language in six months
內容大概是：
1. Focus on language content that is relevant to you.
2. Use the new language as a tool to communicate.
Instead of simply learning the language in an academic setting, put yourself
in situations which force you to use the language in order to be able to
communicate with others.
3. When you first understand the message, you will unconsciously acquire the language. When you’re first trying to learn a new
language. instead of trying to understand the words that someone is using to
talk to you, try to understand what they’re trying to say through their
gestures, body language, and facial expressions. That is, at first you don’t
derive meaning from the language, but from the interaction. This is something
called comprehensional input, and it’s been well documented.
4. Learning a language is not about acquiring knowledge. Instead, in many ways it’s about
physiological training. Therefore, you have to continually listen to the sounds
of the language that
you’re trying to learn in order to train your brain to let in the new
sounds. In addition, talking requires using your facial muscles. You have 43
muscles in your face. You have to coordinate those muscles in a way that
makes sounds that others can understand
5. Your psychological state matters.
If you’re sad, angry, worried, or upset, you’re not going to learn the new
language. If you’re happy, relaxed, and curious, you’re going to learn the
new language quickly. At first when people speak to you in the language that
you’re trying to learn, you’ll understand very little. But that’s OK. The
Seven Actions Based on the five principles that were explained above, there
are seven actions that you need to take in order to learn a new language
quickly and efficiently.
The seven actions which Lonsdale recommends are the following:
1. Listen; a lot. Lonsdale calls this
brain soaking. It doesn’t matter if at first you don’t understand what you’
re listening to. You’re listening to recognize patterns, words that repeat,
and things that stand out. In addition, you’re listening to the rhythm of
the language.
2. Focus on getting the meaning first, even before you get the
words. From body language you can understand a lot of communication. You’ll
be acquiring the language through comprehensional input.
3. Start mixing. If you know ten verbs, ten nouns, and ten adjectives in the
new language, you can say 1000 different things. Language is a creative
process. Look for ways to get your meaning across by using the words that you
know.
4. Focus on the core.
With every language there’s high frequency content. As an
illustration, in English, one thousand words cover 85% of anything you’re
going to say in daily life. Three-thousand words give you 98% coverage. All
the other words in the English language are the icing on the cake.
5. Get a language parent. When you start learning a language your progress
will probably look like the following:
Week 1: Continually ask “What is this?”
, “How do you say . . .”, “Can you say that again?”,“Can you repeat that?”
Always ask these questions in the language that you’re trying to
learn.
Week 2 and 3: You should be using very simple nouns, verbs, and
pronouns (“you”, “me”, “that”, “hot”, “give”, and so on).
Week 4: You’re using glue words, such as “and”, “but”,
"therefore", and so on. These words tie bits of language together so that you
can make more complex meaning. At this point you’re talking in the new
language. This is where you want to get a language parent. That is, someone
who will treat you like a parent treats their child when the child is
learning to speak. This language parent can recognize what
you’re saying, even when others don’t understand. They create a safe
environment for you, which makes you more confident in your ability to learn
the new language.
The four rules for a language parent are the following:
1. They will work hard to understand what you’re trying to say.
2. They don’t correct your mistakes.
3. They confirm understanding by using correct language.
4. They use words that you know and also communicate with gestures and
body language.
6. Copy the face. In order to learn to make the sounds
that will allow you to speak the new language, you have to watch the face of
people who speak that language. How does their face move when they’re
speaking? Mimic their facial movements.
7. “Direct Connect” to mental
images. Most people learning to speak another language will make a list of
words that they want to learn in their mother tongue, and next to each word
they’ll place the equivalent in the language that they’re trying to learn.
Then they just go over the list repeatedly in the hopes of memorizing the
words in the new language. This is very inefficient. Everything that you know
is an image inside your mind.