cfront 是幹麻的? c++ 程式員應該不陌生, 他是把 c++ 程式轉成 c, 再用 c 編譯器編
譯出最後執行檔的轉譯程式。知道的 c++ 開發者應該很多, 但看過、甚至執行過
cfront 的人應該就很少了。
我一直都在找 cfront 的 source code, 希望可以編譯/執行起來看看, 這樣可以很清楚
的知道, virtual function, 繼承的 class, template 到底是怎麼轉成 c code 的,
cfront 不支援 exception, 因為這功能複雜到超過 cfront 的能力了。
Cfront ( https://goo.gl/QBG1wn )
Cfront 4.0 was abandoned in 1993 after a failed attempt to add exception
support.[1] The C++ language had grown beyond its capabilities
Comeau C/C++ ( https://goo.gl/Ke3VUk ) 也可以做到類似的事情, 不過要錢, 沒免費
版可以試用。
這個https://goo.gl/q88bBk ( https://github.com/seyko2/cfront-3 ) 就是 cfront
source code 了, 我想在 linux 下編譯, 之前嘗試過一次, 失敗了, 這次有新版再來挑
戰一次, 向 bjarne stroustrup 博士致敬, 感謝他發明出 c++ 這麼複雜的語言, 整死開
發 c++ 編譯器的開發人員, 當然還有學習 c++ 的程式員。
我修改過的版本在https://goo.gl/1AN3pp ( https://github.com/descent/cfront-3
), 切到 can_build_in_linux branch 即可, 你得先會用 git 才行, 好吧! git
checkout can_build_in_linux 就可以了。
Makefile
1 #Makefile for the CC translator
2 # BSD 4.2 or later should first run bsd.sed in the scratch directory
3 # and set CCFLAGS=-DBSD
4 # also set BSD=1
5
6 CCFLAGS=-Os
7 scratchCC ?= gcc
8
9 BSD=
10 PATH:=$(CURDIR):$(PATH)
11
12 #For first make (bootstrap):
13 # make scratch #on system V, BSD 4.1 or earlier
14 #Otherwise:
15 # make
16 #
17
18 CC = CC
19
20 all: libC.a munch cfront
21 :
22
23 libC.a: always
24 cd lib/mk; $(MAKE) CC=$(CC) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)" BSD=$(BSD)
25 mv lib/mk/libC.a .
26
27 munch: _munch/munch.c
28 cc -o munch _munch/munch.c
29
30 cfront: always
31 cd src; $(MAKE) CXX=$(CC) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)"
32 mv src/cfront cfront
33
34 scratch: always
35 cd scratch; $(MAKE) CC=$(scratchCC) BSD=$(BSD) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)"
36
37 #This target will populate the scratch directories with good-old-c
38 #files. This is used to port to another machine.
39
40 fillscratch:
41 make -C src szal.result y.tab.C yystype.h
42 cp src/_stdio.c scratch/src/
43 cd scratch/src; $(CC) -I../../src -I../../incl -Fc -..c
../../src/*.C;
44 cd scratch/lib; $(CC) -I../../lib/complex -I../../incl -Fc -..c
../../lib/new/*.C
45 cd scratch/lib; $(CC) -I../../lib/complex -I../../incl -Fc -..c
../../lib/static/*.C
46 cp _munch/*.c scratch/mnch/
47
48 always:
Makefile L20
all: libC.a munch cfront
總共有 3 個部份要編譯, libC.a, munch, cfront 我分 3 次手動編譯:
libC.a
cd lib/mk
make CC=gcc CCFLAGS="-Os -I../../incl-master/incl-linux32/"
也可以用 cfront 編譯, 不過先要編出 cfront 才行, CC3 就會使用 cfront 來編譯。後
面會提到怎麼使用 cfront 編譯出一個可以執行的檔案, 這邊的 libC.a 就需要用
cfront 來編譯, 否則會有奇怪的 link 錯誤。
編出 cfront 之後 (需要複製到 cfront-3 目錄下), 在 cfront-3 目錄下打 make
libC.a 即可。
munch 使用 cfront 編譯時, 需要用到的一個工具程式。
gcc -o munch _munch/munch.c
這麼簡單, 不需要說明, 這是 .c 不用出動 cfront。
cfront
編譯 cfront 會用到 yacc, can_build_in_linux branch 除了修改程式碼與編譯參數,
還有 yacc 需要改為使用 byacc (Berkeley YACC, 修改 Makefile), 使用 apt-get 來安
裝 byacc。
apt-get install byacc
bison 會有以下錯誤訊息:
bison.err
1 gram.y:2340.31-32: error: $$ for the midrule at $3 of ‘statement’ has no
declared type
2 | ID COLON { $$ = $1; stmt_seen=1; } caselab_stmt
3 ^^
4 gram.y:2344.34-35: error: $$ for the midrule at $3 of ‘statement’ has no
declared type
5 | TNAME COLON { $$ = new name($<pn>1->string); stmt_seen=1; }
caselab_stmt
6 ^^
編譯指令:
cd src
make CC=gcc CCFLAGS="-Os -fpermissive -I../incl-master/incl-linux32/"
看到以下錯誤免著驚, 這是藥氣等待行, cfront 其實已經編譯出來了。
g++ -o cfront Bits.o alloc.o block.o dcl.o dcl2.o dcl3.o dcl4.o del.o
discrim.o error.o expand.o expr.o expr2.o expr3.o find.o hash.o lalex.o lex.o
main.o norm.o norm2.o print.o print2.o repr.o simpl.o simpl2.o size.o table.o
template.o tree_copy.o tree_walk.o typ.o typ2.o y.tab.o _stdio.o
Makefile:23: recipe for target 'cfront' failed
make: [cfront] Error 1 (ignored)
cp cfront ..
cfront 編好了。
也可以用 cfront 編譯 cfront 自己, 不過先要編出 cfront 才行, CC3 就會使用
cfront 來編譯, 不過有些問題, 得手動修改, 我懶的改, 沒成功用 cfront 編譯
cfront 自己。
終於 build 出來了, 執行一下, 感動阿!
run cfront
1 [email protected]:cfront-3$ ./cfront
2 # 1 ""
3
4 /* <<AT&T C++ Language System <3.0.3> 05/05/94>> */
5 char __cfront_version_303_xxxxxxxx;
用 cfont 編譯 demo/hello/hello.C
demo/hello/hello.C
1 #include <stream.h>
2
3 main()
4 {
5 cout << "Hello, World!\n";
6 }
有點難度, 步驟如下:
cp hello.C incl-master/incl-linux32
gcc -I. -E hello.C > hh.c
../../cfront < hh.c > h3.c
有沒很感動, 輸出一個 c 的 c++ 程式, bjarne 有你的。
h3.c
1 # 1 ""
2
3 /* <<AT&T C++ Language System <3.0.3> 05/05/94>> */
4 char __cfront_version_303_xxxxxxxx;
5
6 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a"
7
8 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a"
9
10 # 1 ""
11 char *__vec_new ();
12
13 # 1 ""
14 char __vec_delete ();
15 typedef int (*__vptp)();
16 struct __mptr {short d; short i; __vptp f; };
17
18 # 1 ""
19 extern struct __mptr* __ptbl_vec___[];
20
21 # 1 ""
22
23 # 49 "./iostream.h"
24 typedef long streampos ;
25 typedef long streamoff ;
26 enum __Q2_3ios8io_state { goodbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 0,
eofbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 1, failbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 2,
badbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 4, hardfail__Q2_3ios8io_state = 128} ;
27 enum __Q2_3ios9open_mode { in__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 1,
out__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 2, ate__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 4,
app__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 8, trunc__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 16,
nocreate__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 32, noreplace__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 64} ;
28 enum __Q2_3ios8seek_dir { beg__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 0,
cur__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 1, end__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 2} ;
29 enum __Q2_3ios4__E1 { skipws__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 1, left__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 2,
right__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 4, internal__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 8, dec__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 16,
oct__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 32, hex__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 64, showbase__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 128,
showpoint__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 256, uppercase__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 512,
showpos__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 1024, scientific__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 2048,
fixed__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 4096, unitbuf__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 8192,
30 # 54 "./iostream.h"
31 stdio__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 16384} ;
32 enum __Q2_3ios4__E2 { skipping__Q2_3ios4__E2 = 512, tied__Q2_3ios4__E2 =
1024} ;
33 struct ios { /* sizeof ios == 88 */
34
35 # 153 "./iostream.h"
36 int nuser__3ios ;
37
38 # 155 "./iostream.h"
39 union ios_user_union *x_user__3ios ;
40
41 # 162 "./iostream.h"
42 struct streambuf *bp__3ios ;
43
44 # 168 "./iostream.h"
45 int state__3ios ;
46 int ispecial__3ios ;
47 int ospecial__3ios ;
48 int isfx_special__3ios ;
49 int osfx_special__3ios ;
50 int delbuf__3ios ;
51 struct ostream *x_tie__3ios ;
52 long x_flags__3ios ;
53 short x_precision__3ios ;
54 char x_fill__3ios ;
55 short x_width__3ios ;
56
57 # 186 "./iostream.h"
58 int assign_private__3ios ;
59
60 # 193 "./iostream.h"
61 struct __mptr *__vptr__3ios ;
62 };
63
64 # 84 "./iostream.h"
65 extern long basefield__3ios ;
66
67 # 86 "./iostream.h"
68 extern long adjustfield__3ios ;
69
70 # 88 "./iostream.h"
71 extern long floatfield__3ios ;
72
73 # 150 "./iostream.h"
74 extern long nextbit__3ios ;
75 extern long nextword__3ios ;
76
77 # 180 "./iostream.h"
78 extern char (*stdioflush__3ios )();
79
80 # 195 "./iostream.h"
81 struct streambuf { /* sizeof streambuf == 80 */
82 short alloc__9streambuf ;
83 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ;
84 char *x_base__9streambuf ;
85 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ;
86 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ;
87 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ;
88 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ;
89 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ;
90 char *x_eback__9streambuf ;
91 int x_blen__9streambuf ;
92
93 # 370 "./iostream.h"
94 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ;
95 };
96
97 # 1 ""
98 extern char __dl__FPv ();
99
100 # 246 "./iostream.h"
101
102 # 255 "./iostream.h"
103 int doallocate__9streambufFv ();
104
105 # 258 "./iostream.h"
106 int underflow__9streambufFv ();
107
108 # 369 "./iostream.h"
109 int x_snextc__9streambufFv ();
110
111 # 259 "./iostream.h"
112 int pbackfail__9streambufFi ();
113
114 # 257 "./iostream.h"
115 int overflow__9streambufFi ();
116
117 # 24 "./string.h"
118 extern char *memcpy ();
119
120 # 229 "./iostream.h"
121
122 # 265 "./iostream.h"
123 int xsputn__9streambufFPCci ();
124
125 # 234 "./iostream.h"
126
127 # 266 "./iostream.h"
128 int xsgetn__9streambufFPci ();
129
130 # 372 "./iostream.h"
131 struct istream { /* sizeof istream == 112 */
132
133 # 493 "./iostream.h"
134 int x_gcount__7istream ;
135
136 # 503 "./iostream.h"
137 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ;
138 struct ios *Pios;
139 struct ios Oios;
140 };
141
142 # 489 "./iostream.h"
143 int do_ipfx__7istreamFi ();
144
145 # 298 "./iostream.h"
146
147 # 302 "./iostream.h"
148
149 # 418 "./iostream.h"
150 struct istream *rs_complicated__7istreamFRUc ();
151
152 # 298 "./iostream.h"
153
154 # 302 "./iostream.h"
155
156 # 419 "./iostream.h"
157 struct istream *rs_complicated__7istreamFRc ();
158
159 # 429 "./iostream.h"
160 struct istream *get__7istreamFPcic ();
161
162 # 298 "./iostream.h"
163
164 # 292 "./iostream.h"
165
166 # 436 "./iostream.h"
167 struct istream *get_complicated__7istreamFRUc ();
168
169 # 298 "./iostream.h"
170
171 # 292 "./iostream.h"
172
173 # 437 "./iostream.h"
174 struct istream *get_complicated__7istreamFRc ();
175
176 # 377 "./iostream.h"
177
178 # 292 "./iostream.h"
179
180 # 163 "./iostream.h"
181
182 # 377 "./iostream.h"
183
184 # 281 "./iostream.h"
185
186 # 480 "./iostream.h"
187 struct istream *read__7istreamFPci ();
188
189 # 260 "./iostream.h"
190 int sync__9streambufFv ();
191
192 # 505 "./iostream.h"
193 struct ostream { /* sizeof ostream == 104 */
194
195 # 610 "./iostream.h"
196 struct __mptr *__vptr__7ostream ;
197 struct ios *Pios;
198 struct ios Oios;
199 };
200
201 # 601 "./iostream.h"
202 int do_opfx__7ostreamFv ();
203 char do_osfx__7ostreamFv ();
204
205 # 538 "./iostream.h"
206 struct ostream *complicated_put__7ostreamFc ();
207
208 # 324 "./iostream.h"
209
210 # 163 "./iostream.h"
211
212 # 568 "./iostream.h"
213 struct ostream *ls_complicated__7ostreamFc ();
214
215 # 324 "./iostream.h"
216
217 # 163 "./iostream.h"
218
219 # 569 "./iostream.h"
220 struct ostream *ls_complicated__7ostreamFUc ();
221
222 # 324 "./iostream.h"
223
224 # 163 "./iostream.h"
225
226 # 572 "./iostream.h"
227 struct ostream *__ls__7ostreamFi ();
228
229 # 329 "./iostream.h"
230
231 # 163 "./iostream.h"
232
233 # 589 "./iostream.h"
234
235 # 612 "./iostream.h"
236 struct iostream { /* sizeof iostream == 128 */
237
238 # 493 "./iostream.h"
239 int x_gcount__7istream ;
240
241 # 503 "./iostream.h"
242 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ;
243 struct ios *Pios;
244 struct ostream Oostream;
245 };
246
247 # 620 "./iostream.h"
248 struct istream_withassign { /* sizeof istream_withassign == 112 */
249
250 # 493 "./iostream.h"
251 int x_gcount__7istream ;
252
253 # 503 "./iostream.h"
254 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ;
255 struct ios *Pios;
256 struct ios Oios;
257 };
258
259 # 644 "./iostream.h"
260 extern struct istream_withassign cin ;
261
262 # 628 "./iostream.h"
263 struct ostream_withassign { /* sizeof ostream_withassign == 104 */
264
265 # 610 "./iostream.h"
266 struct __mptr *__vptr__7ostream ;
267 struct ios *Pios;
268 struct ios Oios;
269 };
270
271 # 645 "./iostream.h"
272 extern struct ostream_withassign cout ;
273 extern struct ostream_withassign cerr ;
274 extern struct ostream_withassign clog ;
275
276 # 657 "./iostream.h"
277 struct Iostream_init { /* sizeof Iostream_init == 1 */
278
279 # 657 "./iostream.h"
280 char __W23__13Iostream_init ;
281 };
282
283 # 658 "./iostream.h"
284 extern int stdstatus__13Iostream_init ;
285 extern int initcount__13Iostream_init ;
286
287 # 663 "./iostream.h"
288 char __dt__13Iostream_initFv ();
289
290 # 662 "./iostream.h"
291 struct Iostream_init *__ct__13Iostream_initFv ();
292
293 # 664 "./iostream.h"
294 static struct Iostream_init iostream_init ;
295
296 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a"
297
298 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a"
299
300 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a"
301
302 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a"
303
304 # 20 "./generic.h"
305 typedef int (*GPT )();
306
307 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
308 struct smanip_int { /* sizeof smanip_int == 16 */
309
310 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
311 struct ios *(*fct__10smanip_int )();
312
313 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
314 int arg__10smanip_int ;
315 };
316
317 # 1 ""
318 extern char *__nw__FUl ();
319
320 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
321 struct sapply_int { /* sizeof sapply_int == 8 */
322
323 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
324 struct ios *(*fct__10sapply_int )();
325 };
326
327 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
328 struct imanip_int { /* sizeof imanip_int == 16 */
329
330 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
331 struct istream *(*fct__10imanip_int )();
332
333 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
334 int arg__10imanip_int ;
335 };
336
337 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
338 struct iapply_int { /* sizeof iapply_int == 8 */
339
340 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
341 struct istream *(*fct__10iapply_int )();
342 };
343
344 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
345 struct omanip_int { /* sizeof omanip_int == 16 */
346
347 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
348 struct ostream *(*fct__10omanip_int )();
349
350 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
351 int arg__10omanip_int ;
352 };
353
354 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
355 struct oapply_int { /* sizeof oapply_int == 8 */
356
357 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
358 struct ostream *(*fct__10oapply_int )();
359 };
360
361 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
362 struct iomanip_int { /* sizeof iomanip_int == 16 */
363
364 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
365 struct iostream *(*fct__11iomanip_int )();
366
367 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
368 int arg__11iomanip_int ;
369 };
370
371 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
372 struct ioapply_int { /* sizeof ioapply_int == 8 */
373
374 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
375 struct iostream *(*fct__11ioapply_int )();
376 };
377
378 # 112 "./iomanip.h"
379
380 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
381 struct smanip_long { /* sizeof smanip_long == 16 */
382
383 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
384 struct ios *(*fct__11smanip_long )();
385
386 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
387 long arg__11smanip_long ;
388 };
389
390 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
391 struct sapply_long { /* sizeof sapply_long == 8 */
392
393 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
394 struct ios *(*fct__11sapply_long )();
395 };
396
397 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
398 struct imanip_long { /* sizeof imanip_long == 16 */
399
400 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
401 struct istream *(*fct__11imanip_long )();
402
403 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
404 long arg__11imanip_long ;
405 };
406
407 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
408 struct iapply_long { /* sizeof iapply_long == 8 */
409
410 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
411 struct istream *(*fct__11iapply_long )();
412 };
413
414 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
415 struct omanip_long { /* sizeof omanip_long == 16 */
416
417 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
418 struct ostream *(*fct__11omanip_long )();
419
420 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
421 long arg__11omanip_long ;
422 };
423
424 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
425 struct oapply_long { /* sizeof oapply_long == 8 */
426
427 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
428 struct ostream *(*fct__11oapply_long )();
429 };
430
431 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
432 struct iomanip_long { /* sizeof iomanip_long == 16 */
433
434 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
435 struct iostream *(*fct__12iomanip_long )();
436
437 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
438 long arg__12iomanip_long ;
439 };
440
441 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
442 struct ioapply_long { /* sizeof ioapply_long == 8 */
443
444 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
445 struct iostream *(*fct__12ioapply_long )();
446 };
447
448 # 113 "./iomanip.h"
449
450 # 10 "./stdio.h"
451 typedef char *va_list ;
452
453 # 118 "./stdio.h"
454 extern char *sys_errlist [];
455 extern int sys_nerr ;
456 extern unsigned char *_bufendtab [];
457
458 # 22 "./stdiostream.h"
459 struct stdiobuf { /* sizeof stdiobuf == 96 */
460
461 # 196 "./iostream.h"
462 short alloc__9streambuf ;
463 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ;
464 char *x_base__9streambuf ;
465 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ;
466 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ;
467 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ;
468 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ;
469 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ;
470 char *x_eback__9streambuf ;
471 int x_blen__9streambuf ;
472
473 # 370 "./iostream.h"
474 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ;
475
476 # 36 "./stdiostream.h"
477 struct _iobuf *fp__8stdiobuf ;
478 int last_op__8stdiobuf ;
479 char buf__8stdiobuf [2];
480 };
481
482 # 21 "./fstream.h"
483 struct filebuf { /* sizeof filebuf == 120 */
484
485 # 196 "./iostream.h"
486 short alloc__9streambuf ;
487 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ;
488 char *x_base__9streambuf ;
489 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ;
490 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ;
491 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ;
492 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ;
493 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ;
494 char *x_eback__9streambuf ;
495 int x_blen__9streambuf ;
496
497 # 370 "./iostream.h"
498 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ;
499
500 # 45 "./fstream.h"
501 int xfd__7filebuf ;
502 int mode__7filebuf ;
503 char opened__7filebuf ;
504 streampos last_seek__7filebuf ;
505 char *in_start__7filebuf ;
506
507 # 51 "./fstream.h"
508 char lahead__7filebuf [2];
509 };
510
511 # 23 "./fstream.h"
512 extern int openprot__7filebuf ;
513
514 # 54 "./fstream.h"
515 struct fstreambase { /* sizeof fstreambase == 224 */
516
517 # 72 "./fstream.h"
518 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ;
519
520 # 75 "./fstream.h"
521 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ;
522 struct ios *Pios;
523 struct ios Oios;
524 };
525
526 # 87 "./fstream.h"
527
528 # 70 "./fstream.h"
529
530 # 141 "./iostream.h"
531
532 # 70 "./fstream.h"
533
534 # 77 "./fstream.h"
535 struct ifstream { /* sizeof ifstream == 248 */
536
537 # 72 "./fstream.h"
538 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ;
539
540 # 75 "./fstream.h"
541 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ;
542 struct ios *Pios;
543 struct istream Oistream;
544 };
545
546 # 102 "./fstream.h"
547
548 # 70 "./fstream.h"
549
550 # 141 "./iostream.h"
551
552 # 70 "./fstream.h"
553
554 # 92 "./fstream.h"
555 struct ofstream { /* sizeof ofstream == 240 */
556
557 # 72 "./fstream.h"
558 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ;
559
560 # 75 "./fstream.h"
561 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ;
562 struct ios *Pios;
563 struct ostream Oostream;
564 };
565
566 # 117 "./fstream.h"
567
568 # 70 "./fstream.h"
569
570 # 141 "./iostream.h"
571
572 # 70 "./fstream.h"
573
574 # 53 "./stream.h"
575
576 # 54 "./stream.h"
577
578 # 55 "./stream.h"
579
580 # 56 "./stream.h"
581
582 # 57 "./stream.h"
583
584 # 58 "./stream.h"
585
586 # 59 "./stream.h"
587
588 # 60 "./stream.h"
589
590 # 62 "./stream.h"
591 typedef int state_value ;
592
593 # 571 "./iostream.h"
594 struct ostream *__ls__7ostreamFPCc ();
595
596 # 3 "hello.C"
597 int main (){ _main();
598 # 4 "hello.C"
599 {
600 # 5 "hello.C"
601 __ls__7ostreamFPCc ( (struct ostream *)(& cout ), (char *)"Hello,
World!\n") ;
602 }
603 }
604 # 6 "hello.C"
605 char __sti___main_ ()
606 # 664 "./iostream.h"
607 { __ct__13Iostream_initFv ( & iostream_init ) ;
608
609 # 664 "./iostream.h"
610 }
611
612 # 6 "hello.C"
613 char __std___main_ ()
614 # 664 "./iostream.h"
615 { __dt__13Iostream_initFv ( & iostream_init , 2) ;
616
617 # 664 "./iostream.h"
618 }
619
620 # 23 "./fstream.h"
621 int openprot__7filebuf ;
622
623 # 56 "./iostream.h"
624
625 # 659 "./iostream.h"
626 int initcount__13Iostream_init ;
627
628 # 658 "./iostream.h"
629 int stdstatus__13Iostream_init ;
630
631 # 180 "./iostream.h"
632 char (*stdioflush__3ios )();
633
634 # 151 "./iostream.h"
635 long nextword__3ios ;
636
637 # 150 "./iostream.h"
638 long nextbit__3ios ;
639
640 # 88 "./iostream.h"
641 long floatfield__3ios ;
642
643 # 86 "./iostream.h"
644 long adjustfield__3ios ;
645
646 # 84 "./iostream.h"
647 long basefield__3ios ;
648
649 # 6 "hello.C"
650
651 /* the end */
只有這樣還不能滿足吧, 希望可以讓這個 c 檔案透過 gcc 編譯出可執行檔案, 這就會需
要那個 libC.a 了, cout 在 libC.a 中。
上面那個是我自己亂試的, 後來我參考了 cfront-3/demo/hello/hello.sh, 知道整個使
用 cfront 的編譯步驟。
cfront-3/demo/hello/hello.sh
1 #!/bin/sh
2
3 # manual steps to compile a program
4 #
http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/tinycc-devel/2014-12/binCQHJXV7ywM.bin
5 #
6 # The CC script now work.
7 # Anyway, here is how to compile a C++ file manually
8
9
10 D=../..
11
12 if [ ! -x ${D}/cfront ]; then
13 echo "error: cfront compiler not found"
14 exit
15 fi
16
17 cpp -I${D}/incl hello.C > hello.i # run preprocessor
18 ${D}/cfront +a1 +L +fhello.C < hello.i > hello..c # run cfront
19 cc hello..c ${D}/libC.a -o hello.tmp # compile and link
plain C
20
21 # For static con/destructors, the nm/munch thingy is needed
22
23 nm hello.tmp | ${D}/munch > hello.cdts..c # run mn against linked binary
and filter
24 cc hello..c hello.cdts..c ${D}/libC.a -o hello # compile and link
again
25
26 ./hello
我們來看看怎麼編譯在平常不過的 hello world c++ 程式。
hello.C
1 #include <stream.h>
2
3 main()
4 {
5 cout << "Hello, World!\n";
6 }
在 cfront-3 目錄中執行:
cpp -Iincl-master/incl-linux32/ hello.C > hello.i # 處理 header files
./cfront +a1 +L +fhello.C < hello.i > hello..c # 將 cpp 檔 (.C) 轉成 .c 檔
gcc hello..c ./libC.a -o hello.tmp # 不知道
nm hello.tmp | ./munch > hello.cdts..c # 不知道
gcc hello..c hello.cdts..c ./libC.a -o hello # 輸出可執行檔
./hello # 執行
看到印出來的 Hello, World 真是感動。
用 cfront 編譯 alloc.C 遇到的問題:
CC3 L608
eval 'gcc -Du3b -U__GNUC__ -D__cfront__ -D__cplusplus=1 -D__signed__=
-D__null=0 -E' ' -I../incl-master/incl-linux32/ -D__CFRONT_ANSI_OPT'
'-Dc_plusplus=1' '-D__cplusplus=1' '' ' -I/media/work/git/cfront-3/incl'
'alloc.C' \>/media/work/git/cfront-3/tmpdir/CC.25638/cpptmp
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